Gutium

But the king, endowed with power by Enlil , chosen by Inana with her {( 1 ms. adds: ) holy} heart -- Utu -ḫeĝal , the mighty man, came out from Unug to face him and set up camp (?) at the temple of Iškur . He addressed a speech to the citizens of his city: " Enlil has given Gutium to me and my lady Inana will be my help! Dumuzid-ama-ušumgal-ana has declared "It is a matter for me!" and assigned Gilgameš , the son of Ninsumun , to me as a constable!" The citizens of Unug and Kulaba rejoiced and followed him with one accord. He lined up his élite troops.

The victory of Utu-ḫeĝal (c.2.1.6) ·c.2.1.6 ·29 ·machine translation (etcsl)

After departing from the shrine at Ili-tappê , on the sixth day he set up camp (?) at Karkara . He went to Iškur and prayed to him: "O Iškur , Enlil has provided me with weapons, may you be my help!" In the middle of that night, …… he departed (?) and above Adab he went to the rising (?) Utu and prayed to him: "O Utu , Enlil has given Gutium to me, may you be my help!" He laid a trap (?) there behind the Gutian. Utu -ḫeĝal , the mighty man, defeated their generals.

The victory of Utu-ḫeĝal (c.2.1.6) ·c.2.1.6 ·47 ·machine translation (etcsl)

After departing from the shrine at Ili-tappê , on the sixth day he set up camp (?) at Karkara . He went to Iškur and prayed to him: "O Iškur , Enlil has provided me with weapons, may you be my help!" In the middle of that night, …… he departed (?) and above Adab he went to the rising (?) Utu and prayed to him: "O Utu , Enlil has given Gutium to me, may you be my help!" He laid a trap (?) there behind the Gutian. Utu -ḫeĝal , the mighty man, defeated their generals.

The victory of Utu-ḫeĝal (c.2.1.6) ·c.2.1.6 ·48 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Then Tirigan the king of Gutium ran away alone on foot. He thought himself safe in Dabrum , where he fled to save his life; but since the people of Dabrum knew that Utu -ḫeĝal was a king endowed with power by Enlil , they did not let Tirigan go, and an envoy of Utu -ḫeĝal arrested Tirigan together with his wife and children in Dabrum . He put handcuffs and a blindfold on him. Before Utu , Utu -ḫeĝal made him lie at his feet and placed his foot on his neck. He made Gutium , the fanged (?) snake of the mountains drink again from the crevices (?), he ……, he …… and he …… boat. He brought back the kingship of Sumer .

The victory of Utu-ḫeĝal (c.2.1.6) ·c.2.1.6 ·51 ·machine translation (etcsl)

The people, in their fear, breathed only with difficulty. The storm immobilised them, the storm did not let them return. There was no return for them, the storm did not retreat. This is what Enlil , the shepherd of the black-headed people, did: Enlil, to destroy the loyal households, to decimate the loyal men, to put the evil eye on the sons of the loyal men, on the first-born, Enlil then sent down Gutium from the mountains. Their advance was as the flood of Enlil that cannot be withstood. The great wind of the countryside filled the countryside, it advanced before them. The extensive countryside was destroyed, no one moved about there.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·75 ·machine translation (etcsl)

I returned …… to Urim . I made …… return (?) to his country …… like ……. I loaded its grain on barges, I delivered it to its storehouses. I returned its …… citizens to their (?) homes. I …… their earth-baskets. I …… the savage hands of the Gutians , the ……. After I had made the evil-doers return (?) to their ……, I restored (?) the walls that had been torn down; my outstanding mind ……. …… the shrine of Urim ……. I am the foremost workman (?) of Enlil ; I am the one who …… food offerings. 7 lines fragmentary or missing

A praise poem of Ur-Namma (Ur-Namma C) (c.2.4.1.3) ·c.2.4.1.3 ·90 ·machine translation (etcsl)

War …… enemy lands …… echoed. Like arrows in a quiver ……. Evildoers in Sumer ……. Gutium , the enemy, overturned ……. Sumer , caught in a trap, ……. Its people were thrown into turmoil ……. The mighty heroes of Sumer ……. …… the heart of a hurricane ……. They advanced like the front rank of troops, ……. Like …… they were crushed, every one of them ……. Their war veterans gave up, their brains were muddled. The troop leaders, the most outstanding of the men, were viciously hewn down. Gutium , the enemy, …… weapons ……. Not looking at each other …… Like a swelling flood, like ……, Subir poured into Sumer .

The lament for Unug (c.2.2.5) ·c.2.2.5 ·63 ·machine translation (etcsl)

"After I, the king, have destroyed the cities and ruined the city walls, have terrified the …… foreign lands like a flood, have scattered the seed of Gutium like seed-grain, have established Enlil's triumph, have crushed the populations as if with a pestle, have …… my heart ……, then I shall load the pure lapis lazuli of the foreign lands into leather pouches and leather bags." approx. 5 lines missing

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi D) (c.2.4.2.04) ·c.2.4.2.04 ·230 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Keš , built all alone on the high open country, was haunted. Adab , the settlement which stretches out along the river, {was treated as a rebellious land.} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) was deprived of water.} The snake of the mountains made his lair there, it became a rebellious land. The Gutians bred there, issued their seed. Nintur wept bitter tears over her creatures. "Alas, the destroyed city, my destroyed house," she cried bitterly. In Zabalam the sacred Giguna was haunted. Inana abandoned Unug and went off to enemy territory. In the E-ana the enemy set eyes upon the sacred Ĝipar shrine. The sacred Ĝipar of en priesthood was defiled. Its en priest was snatched from the Ĝipar and carried off to enemy territory. "Alas, the destroyed city, my destroyed house," she cried bitterly.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·146 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Enlil , the roaring storm that subjugates the entire land, the rising deluge that cannot be confronted, was considering what should be destroyed in return for the wrecking of his beloved E-kur . He lifted his gaze towards the Gubin mountains, and made all the inhabitants of the broad mountain ranges descend (?). Enlil brought out of the mountains those who do not resemble other people, who are not reckoned as part of the Land, the Gutians , an unbridled people, with human intelligence but canine {instincts} {( some mss. have instead: ) feelings} and monkeys' features. Like small birds they swooped on the ground in great flocks. Because of Enlil , they stretched their arms out across the plain like a net for animals. Nothing escaped their clutches, no one left their grasp. Messengers no longer travelled the highways, the courier's boat no longer passed along the rivers. The Gutians drove the trusty (?) goats of Enlil out of their folds and compelled their herdsmen to follow them, they drove the cows out of their pens and compelled their cowherds to follow them. Prisoners manned the watch. Brigands {occupied} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) attacked} the highways. The doors of the city gates of the Land {lay dislodged in} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) were covered with} mud, and all the foreign lands uttered bitter cries from the walls of their cities. They {established gardens for themselves} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) made gardens grow} within the cities, and not as usual on the wide plain outside. As if it had been before the time when cities were built and founded, the large {( some mss. add: ) fields and} arable tracts yielded no grain, the inundated {( some mss. add: ) fields and} tracts yielded no fish, the irrigated orchards yielded no syrup or wine, the thick clouds (?) did not rain, the mašgurum plant did not grow.

The cursing of Agade (c.2.1.5) ·c.2.1.5 ·155 ·machine translation (etcsl)

I did not lie in ambush, like a fierce cheetah, against the rebel and hostile lands, the aggressive foreign lands, in order to establish my renown as far as the horizon with the power of my master Enlil , and to transmit my lasting fame of victories to the distant future. I did not come out of a hole like a scorpion. Instead I left my main forces at my side, and went ahead of my scouts. As I repelled the tribal Gutians , the bandits of the hills, like a …… snake I made my fearsomeness reach afar.

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi E) (c.2.4.2.05) ·c.2.4.2.05 ·211 ·machine translation (etcsl)

For the rebel lands, the illiterate (?) ones that carry no emblems, my warfare is a horizon on which there are clouds, enveloping the twilight in fear. The mountains, where the forests do not grow as thick as thornbushes, where in the cult places of the rites of Inana ( i.e. in battle ) throw-stick and shield do not tumble to the earth in a great storm, where the combatants take no rest in the insistent bitterness of the fierce battle, where life-fluid and blood from both scoundrel and honest person ……, where no black ewes trek over the mountains like floating clouds, and corpses in reedbeds and crannies …… 1 line unclear The desert scorpion shall no longer behave thus ……. Neither shortly nor in the future shall he rise again. A villain and rebel …… to the weapons of strength. A path that is confused, a way that is cut off like a ……. I bent low the land of the Gutians like a mubum tree, and the land turned its heart in its fear before me, as I put my foot on its neck. I am he who all alone plunders cities with his own strength. I am the strong one who is praised for his weapons. I am he whose lasting name and prayerful words are as tremendous as ……. I am the just and the benefactor in the Land.

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi E) (c.2.4.2.05) ·c.2.4.2.05 ·234 ·machine translation (etcsl)

After the king had destroyed the cities and ruined the city walls, had terrified the …… foreign lands like a flood, had scattered the seed of Gutium like seed-grain, had …… his heart ……, then he loaded the pure lapis lazuli of the foreign lands into leather pouches and leather bags. He heaped up all their treasures and amassed (?) all the wealth of the foreign lands. He invoked the name of Enlil and invoked the name of Ninlil on their fattened cattle and fattened sheep.

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi D) (c.2.4.2.04) ·c.2.4.2.04 ·346 ·machine translation (etcsl)

"I, a young man whom the storm has not destroyed, ……. I, not destroyed by the storm, my attractiveness not brought to an end, ……. We have been struck down like beautiful boxwood trees. We have been struck down like …… with coloured eyes. We have been struck down like statues being cast in moulds. The Gutians , the vandals, are wiping us out. We turned to Father Enki in the abzu of Eridug . …… whatever we shall say, whatever we shall add, …… whatever we shall say, whatever we shall add, we came out from the …… of Eridug ."

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·230 ·machine translation (etcsl)

I have no equal among even the most distant rulers, and I can also state that my deeds are great deeds. Everything is achievable by me, the king. Since the time when Enlil gave me the direction of his numerous people in view of my wisdom, my extraordinary power and my justice, in view of my resolute and unforgettable words, and in view of my expertise, comparable to that of Ištaran , in verdicts, my heart has never committed violence against even one other king, be he an Akkadian or a son of Sumer , or even a brute from Gutium .

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi B) (c.2.4.2.02) ·c.2.4.2.02 ·267 ·machine translation (etcsl)

In Unug , Ur-niĝin became king; he ruled for {7} {( mss. IB, S have instead: ) 3} {( ms. Su1 has instead: ) 15} {( ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ) 30} years. Ur-gigir , the son of Ur-niĝin , ruled for {6} {( ms. IB has instead: ) 7} {( ms. Su1 has instead: ) 15} {( ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ) 7} years. Kuda ruled for 6 years. Puzur-ilī ruled for {5} {( ms. IB has instead: ) 20} years. { Ur- Utu ruled for 6} {( ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ) Ur- Utu , the son of Ur-gigir , ruled for 25} {( ms. Su1 has instead: ) Lugal-melem , the son of Ur-gigir , ruled for 7} years. {5 kings; they ruled for {30} {( ms. IB has instead: ) 43} {( mss. P&s4;+Ha, S have instead: ) 26} years} {( ms. Su3+Su4, which omits Kuda and Puzur-ilī, has instead: ) 3 kings; they ruled for ( ms. Su3+Su4 has: ) {47} years}. { Unug was defeated} {( ms. S has instead: ) Then the reign of Unug was abolished} and the kingship was taken to the {army} {( ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ) land} of Gutium .

The Sumerian king list (c.2.1.1) ·c.2.1.1 ·307 ·machine translation (etcsl)

O bitter storm, retreat, O storm, storm return to your home. O storm that destroys cities, retreat, O storm, storm return to your home. O storm that destroys houses, retreat, O storm, storm return to your home. Indeed the storm that blew on Sumer , blew also on the foreign lands. Indeed the storm that blew on the land, blew on the foreign lands. It has blown on Tidnum , it has blown on the foreign lands. It has blown on Gutium , it has blown on the foreign lands. It has blown on Anšan , it has blown on the foreign lands. It levelled Anšan like a blowing evil wind. Famine has overwhelmed the evildoer; those people will have to submit.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·489 ·machine translation (etcsl)