Elam

From today (?), you are my son who makes me happy. The cities of (?) the province (?), the land of the Martu , Elam -- all of them I have placed before you: you are just as important as I am.

Letter from Šulgi to Išbi-Erra about the purchase of grain (c.3.1.13.2) ·c.3.1.13.2 ·19 ·machine translation (etcsl)

The mountain land of Elam where there are no dead in great numbers (?) like ……, and Subir , a heavy cloud, which knows no reverence even towards the gods -- these districts have not been weakened; their time has not yet come. {The Šimaškian does not elect nugig or lukur priestesses for the places of the gods} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) The Šimaškian knows neither his god nor those elected nugig and lukur priestesses} {( 1 other ms. has instead: ) The Šimaškian …… neither the nugig nor the nubar priestesses for the places of the gods}. His soldiers are numerous like grass; his seed {is widespread} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) is indeed exalted}. He who lives in tents, who does not know of the places of the gods: like a wild beast which mounts, he knows nothing of { eša flour nor prayers} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) flour and the offering of prayers}. The evil namtar demon and the distressing asag demon {have not carried him off (?)} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) do not approach him}. Who …… a divine oath is committing sacrilege, yet his troops are in good health.

Letter from Sîn-iddinam to the god Utu (c.3.2.05) ·c.3.2.05 ·21 ·machine translation (etcsl)

They have composed šir-gida songs, royal praise poetry, šumunša , kunĝar and balbale compositions about how I carried warfare across the sea to the south, how I jerked up the hostile land of Elam as if it were grass by a gateway, how in the uplands I …… the people like grain, how I trekked the length of the mountains in battle, how I travel about indefatigably in the mountain uplands like an old donkey on the road, and about my expeditions …….

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi E) (c.2.4.2.05) ·c.2.4.2.05 ·24 ·machine translation (etcsl)

My lord has become distressed about the battles in Elam . But the Elamites' grain rations have quickly been exhausted, so do not slacken your forces! Do not fall head first into their slavery, nor follow at their heels!

Letter from Išbi-Erra to Ibbi-Suen about the purchase of grain (c.3.1.17) ·c.3.1.17 ·24 ·machine translation (etcsl)

( Inana announced:) "When I, the goddess, was walking around in heaven, walking around on earth, when I, Inana , was walking around in heaven, walking around on earth, when I was walking around in Elam and Subir , when I was walking around in the Lulubi mountains, when I turned towards the centre of the mountains, as I, the goddess, approached the mountain it showed me no respect, as I, Inana , approached the mountain it showed me no respect, as I approached the mountain range of Ebiḫ it showed me no respect."

Inana and Ebiḫ (c.1.3.2) ·c.1.3.2 ·27 ·machine translation (etcsl)

so as to obliterate the divine powers of Sumer , to change its preordained plans, to alienate the divine powers of the reign of kingship of Urim , to humiliate the princely son in his house E-kiš-nu-ĝal , to break up the unity of the people of Nanna , numerous as ewes; to change the food offerings of Urim , the shrine of magnificent food offerings; that its people should no longer dwell in their quarters, that they should be given over to live in an inimical place; that Šimaški and Elam , the enemy, should dwell in their place; that its shepherd, in his own palace, should be captured by the enemy, that Ibbi- Suen should be taken to the land Elam in fetters, that from Mount Zabu on the edge of the sea to the borders of Anšan , like a swallow that has flown from its house, he should never return to his city;

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·33 ·machine translation (etcsl)

so as to obliterate the divine powers of Sumer , to change its preordained plans, to alienate the divine powers of the reign of kingship of Urim , to humiliate the princely son in his house E-kiš-nu-ĝal , to break up the unity of the people of Nanna , numerous as ewes; to change the food offerings of Urim , the shrine of magnificent food offerings; that its people should no longer dwell in their quarters, that they should be given over to live in an inimical place; that Šimaški and Elam , the enemy, should dwell in their place; that its shepherd, in his own palace, should be captured by the enemy, that Ibbi- Suen should be taken to the land Elam in fetters, that from Mount Zabu on the edge of the sea to the borders of Anšan , like a swallow that has flown from its house, he should never return to his city;

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·35 ·machine translation (etcsl)

{Now Enlil , my helper, has made the Martu rise from their mountain lands} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) Now Enlil has …… the Tidnum as …… from their mountain lands}. They will repel Elam and seize Išbi- Erra . To regain the Land will indeed make our might known in all the foreign lands. It is urgent! {Do not be neglectful} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) Do not all give up}!

Letter from Ibbi-Suen to Puzur-Šulgi hoping for Išbi-Erra's downfall (c.3.1.20) ·c.3.1.20 ·36 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Elam , a raging dog, a destroyer, will not defile E-kiš-nu-ĝal , the sanctuary which covers heaven and earth, which has no ……. Its protective spirits shall not be split apart! My lord: the loudest roarer (?), the runner, has taken flight (?)!

Letter from Išbi-Erra to Ibbi-Suen about the purchase of grain (c.3.1.17) ·c.3.1.17 ·43 ·machine translation (etcsl)

I sow fear and confusion in the foreign land. I look to my brother and friend, youthful Utu , as a source of divine encouragement. I, Šulgi , converse with him whenever he rises over there; he is the god who keeps a good eye on my battles. The youth Utu , beloved in the mountains, is the protective deity of my weapons; by his words I am strengthened and made pugnacious (?). In those battles, where weapon clashes on weapon, Utu shines on me. Thus I broke the weapons of the highlands over my knees, and in the south placed a yoke on the neck of Elam . I make the populations of the rebel lands -- how could they still resist my weapons? -- scatter like seed-grain over Sumer and Akkad .

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi B) (c.2.4.2.02) ·c.2.4.2.02 ·48 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Its king, the shepherd Naram- Suen , rose as the daylight on the holy throne of Agade . Its city wall {, like a mountain,} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) , a great mountain,} reached the heavens. It was like the Tigris {going to} {( some mss. have instead: ) flowing into} the sea as holy Inana opened the portals of its city-gates and made Sumer bring its own possessions upstream by boats. The highland Martu , people ignorant of agriculture, brought spirited cattle and kids for her. The Meluḫans , the people of the black land, brought {exotic wares} {( some mss. have instead: ) wares of foreign countries} up to her. Elam and Subir loaded themselves with goods for her as if they were packasses. All the governors, the {temple administrators} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) generals}, and the accountants of the Gu-edina regularly supplied the monthly and New Year offerings. What a weariness all these caused at Agade's city gates! Holy Inana could hardly receive all these offerings. As if she were a citizen there, she could not restrain (?) the desire (?) to prepare the ground for a temple.

The cursing of Agade (c.2.1.5) ·c.2.1.5 ·50 ·machine translation (etcsl)

kur elamki-ma siki igi saj5 gu2-/un\-[gu2-un hu-mu-ra-ab-bal-[bal-e

Enki and Ninḫursaĝa (c.1.1.1) ·c.1.1.1 ·49M

I am milk of the god. I am pre-eminent in the mountains. I am the milk of the god, of Dumuzid . I am pre-eminent in the mountains. The mountains in my hands, the mountains at my feet, Elam in my hands; I have a pointed dagger in my belt. The gods are small birds, and I am the falcon. The Anuna gods butt each other, but I am the wild cow. I am the grandiloquent daughter of Enlil . I am the formidable one of my father Suen . I am the queen created by Nudimmud . My eye ……. My eye ……. 1 line fragmentary unknown no. of lines missing

A šir-namšub to Inana (Inana I) (c.4.07.9) ·c.4.07.9 ·26 ·machine translation (etcsl)

1 line fragmentary …… to introduce ……. At left and right was a crouching lion, ……. …… at the command of Enlil . …… to reduce the city to ruin-mounds. He determined ……; …… Enlil is its ally!

Išbi-Erra and Kindattu (Išbi-Erra B) (c.2.5.1.2) ·c.2.5.1.2 ·6 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Once, after my lady had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after Inana had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after she had gone around Elam and Subir , after she had gone around the intertwined horizon of heaven, the mistress became so tired that when she arrived there she lay down by its roots. Šu-kale-tuda noticed her from beside his plot. Inana …… the loincloth (?) of the seven divine powers over her genitals. …… the girdle of the seven divine powers over her genitals ……. …… with the shepherd Ama-ušumgal-ana ……. …… over her holy genitals ……. Šu-kale-tuda undid the loincloth (?) of seven divine powers and got her to lie down in her resting place. He had intercourse with her and kissed her there. After he had had intercourse with her and kissed her, he went back to beside his plot. When day had broken and Utu had risen, the woman inspected herself closely, holy Inana inspected herself closely.

Inana and Šu-kale-tuda (c.1.3.3) ·c.1.3.3 ·114 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Since I am also wise and highly intelligent, 5 lines fragmentary Also I know the Martu language as well as I do Sumerian . …… mountain people walking in the hills ……, they greet me and I reply to them in the Martu language. Also I know the Elamite language as well as I do Sumerian . …… in Elam ……, they greet me and I reply in Elamite . 4 lines missing or fragmentary In wrestling and athletics I am ……. I am the shepherd who with nimbly gripping fingers ……. Who can resist me, on the exercise ground as well as in battle? The greatest heroes of the Land, the notable strong men and athletes from the foreign lands, the swift (?) of Sumer , the totality of combatants, …… at my wrists. 1 line unclear I am powerful in athletics, and I am strong …… in wrestling. I am Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , and no one can equal me!

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi C) (c.2.4.2.03) ·c.2.4.2.03 ·124 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Since I am also wise and highly intelligent, 5 lines fragmentary Also I know the Martu language as well as I do Sumerian . …… mountain people walking in the hills ……, they greet me and I reply to them in the Martu language. Also I know the Elamite language as well as I do Sumerian . …… in Elam ……, they greet me and I reply in Elamite . 4 lines missing or fragmentary In wrestling and athletics I am ……. I am the shepherd who with nimbly gripping fingers ……. Who can resist me, on the exercise ground as well as in battle? The greatest heroes of the Land, the notable strong men and athletes from the foreign lands, the swift (?) of Sumer , the totality of combatants, …… at my wrists. 1 line unclear I am powerful in athletics, and I am strong …… in wrestling. I am Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , and no one can equal me!

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi C) (c.2.4.2.03) ·c.2.4.2.03 ·125 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Since I am also wise and highly intelligent, 5 lines fragmentary Also I know the Martu language as well as I do Sumerian . …… mountain people walking in the hills ……, they greet me and I reply to them in the Martu language. Also I know the Elamite language as well as I do Sumerian . …… in Elam ……, they greet me and I reply in Elamite . 4 lines missing or fragmentary In wrestling and athletics I am ……. I am the shepherd who with nimbly gripping fingers ……. Who can resist me, on the exercise ground as well as in battle? The greatest heroes of the Land, the notable strong men and athletes from the foreign lands, the swift (?) of Sumer , the totality of combatants, …… at my wrists. 1 line unclear I am powerful in athletics, and I am strong …… in wrestling. I am Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , and no one can equal me!

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi C) (c.2.4.2.03) ·c.2.4.2.03 ·126 ·machine translation (etcsl)

"Once, after my lady had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after Inana had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after she had gone around Elam and Subir , after she had gone around the intertwined horizon of heaven, the mistress became so tired that when she arrived there she lay down by its roots. I noticed her from beside my plot. I had intercourse with her and kissed her there. Then I went back to beside my plot."

Inana and Šu-kale-tuda (c.1.3.3) ·c.1.3.3 ·162 ·machine translation (etcsl)

On that day the word of Enlil was an attacking storm. Who could fathom it? The word of Enlil was destruction on the right, was …… on the left. This is what Enlil , the one who determines destinies, did: Enlil brought down the Elamites , the enemy, from the highlands. Nanše , the noble daughter, was settled outside the city. Fire approached Ninmarki in the shrine Gu-aba . Large boats were carrying off its silver and lapis lazuli. The lady, sacred Ninmarki , was despondent because of her perished goods. On that day he decreed a storm blazing like the mouth of a fire. The province of Lagaš was handed over to Elam . And then the queen also reached the end of her time.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·166 ·machine translation (etcsl)

On that day the word of Enlil was an attacking storm. Who could fathom it? The word of Enlil was destruction on the right, was …… on the left. This is what Enlil , the one who determines destinies, did: Enlil brought down the Elamites , the enemy, from the highlands. Nanše , the noble daughter, was settled outside the city. Fire approached Ninmarki in the shrine Gu-aba . Large boats were carrying off its silver and lapis lazuli. The lady, sacred Ninmarki , was despondent because of her perished goods. On that day he decreed a storm blazing like the mouth of a fire. The province of Lagaš was handed over to Elam . And then the queen also reached the end of her time.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·172 ·machine translation (etcsl)

When I …… like a torrent with the roar of a great storm, in the capture of a citadel in Elam ……, I can understand what their spokesman answers. By origin I am a son of Sumer ; I am a warrior, a warrior of Sumer . Thirdly, I can conduct a conversation with a man from the black mountains. Fourthly, I can do service as a translator with a man of Martu , a man of the mountains ……. I myself can correct his confused words in his own language. Fifthly, when a man of Subir yells ……, I can even distinguish the words in his language, although I am not a fellow-citizen of his. When I provide justice in the legal cases of Sumer , I give answers in all five languages. In my palace no one in conversation switches to another language as quickly as I do.

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi B) (c.2.4.2.02) ·c.2.4.2.02 ·207 ·machine translation (etcsl)

He cleansed and purified the land of Dilmun . He placed Ninsikila in charge of it. He gave …… for the fish spawn, ate its …… fish, bestowed palms on the cultivated land, ate its dates. …… Elam and Marḫaši ……. …… to devour ……. The king endowed with strength by Enlil destroyed their houses, demolished (?) their walls. He brought their silver and lapis-lazuli, their treasure, to Enlil , king of all the lands, in Nibru .

Enki and the world order (c.1.1.3) ·c.1.1.3 ·242 ·machine translation (etcsl)

The good house of the lofty untouchable mountain, E-kiš-nu-ĝal , was entirely devoured by large axes. The people of Šimaški and Elam , the destroyers, counted its worth as only thirty shekels. They broke up the good house with pickaxes. They reduced the city to ruin mounds. Its queen cried, "Alas, my city", cried, "Alas, my house". Ningal cried, "Alas, my city," cried, "Alas, my house. As for me, the woman, both my city has been destroyed and my house has been destroyed. O Nanna , the shrine Urim has been destroyed and its people have been killed."

The lament for Urim (c.2.2.2) ·c.2.2.2 ·243 ·machine translation (etcsl)

In Urim no one went to fetch food, no one went to fetch water. Those who went to fetch food, went away from the food and will not return. Those who went to fetch water, went away from the water and will not return. To the south, the Elamites stepped in, slaughtering ……. In the uplands, the vandals, the enemy, ……. The Tidnum daily strapped the mace to their loins. To the south, the Elamites , like an onrushing wave, were ……. In the uplands, like chaff blowing in the wind, they …… over the open country. Urim , like a great charging wild bull, bowed its neck to the ground.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·254 ·machine translation (etcsl)

He who entered Elam -- his lips are sealed.

Proverbs: collection 3 (c.6.1.03) ·c.6.1.03 ·251 ·machine translation (etcsl)

He who has to live in Elam -- his life is not good.

Proverbs: collection 3 (c.6.1.03) ·c.6.1.03 ·252 ·machine translation (etcsl)

In Urim no one went to fetch food, no one went to fetch water. Those who went to fetch food, went away from the food and will not return. Those who went to fetch water, went away from the water and will not return. To the south, the Elamites stepped in, slaughtering ……. In the uplands, the vandals, the enemy, ……. The Tidnum daily strapped the mace to their loins. To the south, the Elamites , like an onrushing wave, were ……. In the uplands, like chaff blowing in the wind, they …… over the open country. Urim , like a great charging wild bull, bowed its neck to the ground.

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·257 ·machine translation (etcsl)

This is what Enlil , who decides the fates, did: Again he sent down the Elamites , the enemy, from the mountains. The foremost house, firmly founded, ……. In order to destroy Kisiga , 10 men, even five men ……. Three days and three nights did not pass, …… the city was raked by a hoe. Dumuzid left Kisiga like a prisoner of war, his hands were fettered. 5 lines fragmentary

The lament for Sumer and Urim (c.2.2.3) ·c.2.2.3 ·261 ·machine translation (etcsl)

"Once, after my lady had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after Inana had gone around the heavens, after she had gone around the earth, after she had gone around Elam and Subir , after she had gone around the intertwined horizon of heaven, the mistress became so tired that when she arrived there she lay down by its roots. I noticed her from beside my plot. I had intercourse with her and kissed her there. Then I went back to beside my plot."

Inana and Šu-kale-tuda (c.1.3.3) ·c.1.3.3 ·284 ·machine translation (etcsl)