Gılgamış

Envoys of Aga , the son of En-me-barage-si , came from Kiš to Gilgameš in Unug . Gilgameš presented the issue before the elders of his city, carefully choosing his words: "There are wells to be finished, many wells of the Land yet to be finished; there are shallow wells of the Land yet to be finished, there are wells to deepen and hoisting gear to be completed. We should not submit to the house of Kiš ! {Should we not smite it with weapons?} {( 2 mss. have instead: ) Let us smite it with weapons!}"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·2 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Now the lord once decided to set off for the mountain where the man lives; Lord Gilgameš decided to set off for the mountain where the man lives. He spoke to his slave Enkidu :

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·2 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Envoys of Aga , the son of En-me-barage-si , came from Kiš to Gilgameš in Unug . Gilgameš presented the issue before the elders of his city, carefully choosing his words: "There are wells to be finished, many wells of the Land yet to be finished; there are shallow wells of the Land yet to be finished, there are wells to deepen and hoisting gear to be completed. We should not submit to the house of Kiš ! {Should we not smite it with weapons?} {( 2 mss. have instead: ) Let us smite it with weapons!}"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·3 ·machine translation (etcsl)

In the convened assembly, his city's elders answered Gilgameš : "There are indeed wells to be finished, many wells of the Land yet to be finished; there are shallow wells of the Land yet to be finished, there are wells to deepen and hoisting gear to be completed. {So we should submit to the house of Kiš . We should not smite it with weapons!} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) So should we not submit to the house of Kiš ? Should we smite it with weapons?}"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·10 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš built the Numunbura in Enlil's shrine. Ur-lugal , son of Gilgameš , made the Tummal flourish and brought Ninlil into the Tummal . Then the Tummal fell into ruins for a third time.

The history of the Tummal (c.2.1.3) ·c.2.1.3 ·12 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš built the Numunbura in Enlil's shrine. Ur-lugal , son of Gilgameš , made the Tummal flourish and brought Ninlil into the Tummal . Then the Tummal fell into ruins for a third time.

The history of the Tummal (c.2.1.3) ·c.2.1.3 ·13 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš {prepared} {( 2 mss. have instead: ) took hold of} a white kid. {He clasped a brown kid, a sacrificial animal, close to his breast.} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) He …… a brown kid.} In his hand he held a holy staff before his nose, as he addressed Utu of heaven:

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·13 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , placing his trust in Inana , did not take seriously the advice of his city's elders. Gilgameš {( 1 ms. adds: ) , the lord of Kulaba ,} presented the issue again, this time before the able-bodied men of his city, carefully choosing his words: "There are wells to be finished, many wells of the Land yet to be finished; there are shallow wells of the Land yet to be finished, there are wells to deepen and hoisting gear to be completed. {Never before have you submitted to the house of Kiš . Should you not smite it with weapons?} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) We should not submit to the house of Kiš . We should smite it with weapons!}"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·15 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , placing his trust in Inana , did not take seriously the advice of his city's elders. Gilgameš {( 1 ms. adds: ) , the lord of Kulaba ,} presented the issue again, this time before the able-bodied men of his city, carefully choosing his words: "There are wells to be finished, many wells of the Land yet to be finished; there are shallow wells of the Land yet to be finished, there are wells to deepen and hoisting gear to be completed. {Never before have you submitted to the house of Kiš . Should you not smite it with weapons?} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) We should not submit to the house of Kiš . We should smite it with weapons!}"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·18 ·machine translation (etcsl)

In the convened assembly, his city's able-bodied men answered Gilgameš : " "Standing on duty and sitting in attendance, escorting the king's son, and forever grasping the donkey's reins -- who has that much breath?", as the saying goes. You old men should not submit to the house of Kiš ! Should we young men not smite it with weapons?"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·24 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Utu of heaven put on his lapis-lazuli diadem and came forward with head high. In his hand Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , held a holy staff before his nose: " Utu , I want to set off into the mountains! May you be my helper! I want to set off into the mountains of Cedar-felling! May you be my helper!"

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version B) (c.1.8.1.5.1) ·c.1.8.1.5.1 ·31 ·machine translation (etcsl)

But the king, endowed with power by Enlil , chosen by Inana with her {( 1 ms. adds: ) holy} heart -- Utu -ḫeĝal , the mighty man, came out from Unug to face him and set up camp (?) at the temple of Iškur . He addressed a speech to the citizens of his city: " Enlil has given Gutium to me and my lady Inana will be my help! Dumuzid-ama-ušumgal-ana has declared "It is a matter for me!" and assigned Gilgameš , the son of Ninsumun , to me as a constable!" The citizens of Unug and Kulaba rejoiced and followed him with one accord. He lined up his élite troops.

The victory of Utu-ḫeĝal (c.2.1.6) ·c.2.1.6 ·31 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Then Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , rejoiced at the advice of his city's able-bodied men and his spirit brightened. He addressed his servant Enkidu : "On this account let the weaponry and arms of battle be made ready. Let the battle mace return to your side. May they create a great terror and radiance. When he comes, my great fearsomeness will overwhelm him. His reasoning will become confused and his judgment disarrayed."

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·40 ·machine translation (etcsl)

On the day when the destiny of the Land was determined, when the seed of all living beings was originally brought forth, when the king appeared radiantly to his comrade -- on that day, Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , conversed with Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , at his shining feet. So that their praise would be sung forever, so that it be would handed down to distant days, so that it should be not forgotten in remote years, they looked (?) at each other favourably in their mighty heroism.

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi O) (c.2.4.2.15) ·c.2.4.2.15 ·41 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , praised his brother and friend, Lord Gilgameš , in his might, and declared to him in his heroism:

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi O) (c.2.4.2.15) ·c.2.4.2.15 ·50 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Not five, not 10 days had passed when Aga , the son of En-me-barage-si , laid siege to Unug with his men. Unug's reasoning became confused. Gilgameš , the lord of Kulaba , addressed its warriors: " {My warriors shall have the choice.} {( 2 mss. have instead: ) My warriors, choose!} Let someone with courage volunteer {"I shall go to Aga "} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) , and I will send him to Aga }."

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·51 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš organised a levy in his city. In …… Kulaba he had the horn sounded. "Citizens! You who have a wife, go to your wife! You who have children, go to your children! Warriors, whether experienced or inexperienced, who have no wife, who have no children -- let such people join me at my side as the companions of Gilgameš ."

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version B) (c.1.8.1.5.1) ·c.1.8.1.5.1 ·56 ·machine translation (etcsl)

The king left the city. Gilgameš left Kulaba , to follow the route to the Mountains of Cedar-felling . He crossed the first mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. He crossed the second mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. He crossed the third mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. He crossed the fourth mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. He crossed the fifth mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. He crossed the sixth mountain range, but his intuition did not lead him to find the cedars there. When he had crossed the seventh mountain range, there his intuition led him to find the cedars.

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version B) (c.1.8.1.5.1) ·c.1.8.1.5.1 ·58 ·machine translation (etcsl)

ur-saj cul dutu en dgilgamec2 7-be2-e-ne mu-na-ra-an-cum2

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·B

Utu accepted his tears as a fitting gift. As befits a compassionate person, he turned to him full of compassion: "Now there are seven warriors, sons of a single mother. The first, their eldest brother, has lion's paws and eagle's talons. The second is a …… snake, ……. The third is a dragon snake, ……. The fourth blazes with fire ……. The fifth is a …… snake, ……. The sixth {( 1 ms. adds: ) , a shackle that …… the rebel lands in the hills,} beats at the flanks of the mountains {like a battering flood} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) , floodwater that destroys all}. The seventh …… flashes like lightning, and no one can deflect {it} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) its power}. {( 1 ms. adds 4 lines: ) 4 lines fragmentary } {( another ms. adds instead 6 lines: ) 2 lines fragmentary …… kingship ……. Nisaba has bestowed …… on you in addition. They ……, and know the routes on earth. They will help you find the …… of the way.} They should guide you to the place in the mountains where the boats have to be pulled from the water! {The warrior, youthful Utu , gave these seven to Gilgameš .} {( 3 mss. have instead the line, placed after line 43: ) These seven the warrior, youthful Utu , gave to Lord Gilgameš .} The feller of cedars was filled with joy; Lord Gilgameš was filled with joy."

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·47 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš began to chop at the cedars. His slave Enkidu worked on the branches for him. His fellow-citizens who had come with him stacked them in piles.

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version B) (c.1.8.1.5.1) ·c.1.8.1.5.1 ·67 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Thus he eulogised him who was born …… in Kulaba . 1 line unclear Gilgameš , lord of Kulaba , seed of lordship, righteous hero …… 5 lines fragmentary or unclear approx. 4 lines missing ( Gilgameš continues speaking:) "Like ……, falsely (?) ……, you trampled underfoot ……, …… as if in a mighty clamp. You gathered its …… like swallows rising into the air. You entered with them into the presence of Enlil in the shrine of Nibru . Even those …… who escaped from the ……, wail bitterly ……. …… a copper (?) statue fashioned (?) in Urim , …… the seven gods, stationed beside, wielding battle-axes. Fearsome (?) hero ……, king of Sumer , you stand firm in your strength (?)."

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi O) (c.2.4.2.15) ·c.2.4.2.15 ·63 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Gilgameš awoke from his dream, shuddering from his sleep. He rubbed his eyes; there was eery silence everywhere. "By the life of my own mother Ninsumun and of my father, holy Lugalbanda ! My personal god Enki , Lord Nudimmud ……! 2 lines missing "

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version B) (c.1.8.1.5.1) ·c.1.8.1.5.1 ·83 ·machine translation (etcsl)

The temple of Ĝeštin-ana resembled the drumsticks, the drumsticks of Mother Ĝeštin-ana that make a pleasant sound. The lord ( Enlil ) bellowed at his hoe ( al ) like a bull. As for the grave ( irigal ): the hoe ( al ) buries people, but dead people are also brought up from the ground by the hoe ( al ) ( This may allude to Enkidu's ghost being put in contact with Gilgameš. ) . With the hoe ( al ), the hero honoured by An , the younger brother of Nergal , the warrior Gilgameš is as powerful as a hunting net. The {( 1 ms. adds: ) sage} son of Ninsumun is pre-eminent with oars ( ĝisal ) ( This may allude to Gilgameš rowing across the waters of death. ) . With the hoe ( al ) he is the great barber ( kindagal ) of the watercourses. In the {chamber} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) place} of the shrine, with the hoe ( al ) he is the minister ( sukkal ). The wicked ( ḫulĝal ) …… are sons of the hoe ( al ); they are born in sleep from heaven.

The song of the hoe (c.5.5.4) ·c.5.5.4 ·77 ·machine translation (etcsl)

Šulgi , the good shepherd of Sumer , praised his brother and friend, Lord Gilgameš , in his might, and declared to him in his heroism:

A praise poem of Šulgi (Šulgi O) (c.2.4.2.15) ·c.2.4.2.15 ·86 ·machine translation (etcsl)

They hit him, they struck him. They beat Birḫar-tura's entire length. Gilgameš climbed up on the rampart after the officer of Unug . His radiance overwhelmed Kulaba's young and old. He armed Unug's able-bodied men with battle maces and stationed them on the causeway at the city gate's door. Only Enkidu went out through the city gate. Gilgameš leaned out over the rampart. Looking up, Aga saw him: "Slave, is that man your king?"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·84 ·machine translation (etcsl)

When he had crossed the seventh mountain range, there his intuition led him to find the cedars. He did not need to ask, nor did he have to search any further. Lord Gilgameš began to chop at the cedars, {{while Enkidu lopped off their branches, …… to Gilgameš .} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) while Enkidu …… their branches, and his fellow-citizens …….} {( 1 ms. adds: ) to ……, Enkidu …….} …… stacked them in piles. {( 1 ms. adds: ) Ḫuwawa …….} He loosed his terrrors against …….} {( instead of lines 65-67, 1 ms. has: ) while Enkidu cut up the timbers, and the widows' sons who had come with him heaped them up in piles. Since, because of the ……, Ḫuwawa had been scared in his lair by Gilgameš , he began to radiate his terrors …….}

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·64 ·machine translation (etcsl)

When he had crossed the seventh mountain range, there his intuition led him to find the cedars. He did not need to ask, nor did he have to search any further. Lord Gilgameš began to chop at the cedars, {{while Enkidu lopped off their branches, …… to Gilgameš .} {( 1 ms. has instead: ) while Enkidu …… their branches, and his fellow-citizens …….} {( 1 ms. adds: ) to ……, Enkidu …….} …… stacked them in piles. {( 1 ms. adds: ) Ḫuwawa …….} He loosed his terrrors against …….} {( instead of lines 65-67, 1 ms. has: ) while Enkidu cut up the timbers, and the widows' sons who had come with him heaped them up in piles. Since, because of the ……, Ḫuwawa had been scared in his lair by Gilgameš , he began to radiate his terrors …….}

Gilgameš and Ḫuwawa (Version A) (c.1.8.1.5) ·c.1.8.1.5 ·65 ·machine translation (etcsl)

They hit him, they struck him. They beat Birḫar-tura's entire length. Gilgameš climbed up on the rampart after the officer of Unug . His radiance overwhelmed Kulaba's young and old. He armed Unug's able-bodied men with battle maces and stationed them on the causeway at the city gate's door. Only Enkidu went out through the city gate. Gilgameš leaned out over the rampart. Looking up, Aga saw him: "Slave, is that man your king?"

Gilgameš and Aga (c.1.8.1.1) ·c.1.8.1.1 ·89 ·machine translation (etcsl)

ud-ba en? dgilgamec2 ... nar\-[a-ni ...

Gilgameš and the bull of heaven (c.1.8.1.2) ·c.1.8.1.2 ·67A